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Demographics of Nigeria

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Demographics of Nigeria
Population pyramid of Nigeria in 2020
Population218,541,212 (2022 est.)
Growth rate2.53% (2022 est.)
Birth rate34.19 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy52.68 years
 • male52.28 years
 • female53.07 years
Fertility rate4.62 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate56.68 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate−0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years41.7%
65 and over3.3%
Sex ratio
Total1.02 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.04 male(s)/female
65 and over0.77 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityNigerian
Language
OfficialEnglish
Historical population of Nigeria

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa[1][2][3][4] and the sixth most populous in the world.[5][6] It is also one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with approximately 218.5 million people[7] in an area of 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi).[8][9]

54.3% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, with the annual rate of urbanisation being estimated at 3.92%.[1][a] Nigeria is home to 371 ethnic groups speaking over 500 languages[1] and the variety of customs and traditions among them gives the country great cultural diversity. Three largest ethnic groups, namely the Hausa, Yorubas, and Igbos constitute more than 60% of the population.[1][10][11][12] The Ijaw, Efik, Ibibio, Annang, Ogoni, Tiv, Urhobo-Isoko, Edo and Itsekiri are some of the other sizeable ethnic groups.[13] Over 1.2 million people living in Nigeria (0.5% of its total population, or 1 in every 200 people living in Nigeria) are from a continent other than Africa. There are 100,000 people from the United States,[14] 75,000 are from Lebanon,[15] 60,000 are from China[16] and 16,000 are from the United Kingdom.[17]

Nigeria has a young population overall, with 42.54% of inhabitants between the ages of 0–14.[1][18] There is also a very high dependency ratio at 88.2 dependents per 100 non-dependents.[1] The three main religious groups are Muslims (estimated to be 53.5% of the total population), Christians (estimated at 45.9%), and adherents of indigenous religions (estimated at 0.6%).[19] The predominantly Christian Igbo are found in the south-east.[20] Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination in Igboland,[21][22][23] but Anglicanism is also strong, as are Pentecostalism and other Evangelical denominations.

Persons of different ethnic backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba are the most widely used Nigerian languages. Nigerian Pidgin is used widely as an unofficial medium of communication, especially in the Nigerian cities of Warri, Sapele, Ughelli, Benin, and Port Harcourt.[24]

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
10007,000,000—    
150010,000,000+0.07%
192118,720,000+0.15%
195230,403,305+1.58%
196245,920,000+4.21%
199188,992,200+2.31%
2006140,431,790+3.09%
2011162,471,000+2.96%
2022227,830,000+3.12%
Total population by state

Nigeria's population has been increasing rapidly for at least the last 5 decades due to very high birth rates, quadrupling its population during this time. Growth was fastest in the 1980s, after child mortality dropped rapidly. It has slowed slightly since then as both the birth rate and total fertility, rate have declined marginally since a 1978 peak. According to the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 191 million in 2016, compared to only 38 million in 1950. The proportion of children under the age of 15 in 2010 was 44.0%, 53.2% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.7% were 65 years or older. There is a large degree of population momentum, with 3.2 per cent growth leading to the projected population of 546 million by 2100.[25]

The federal government has not elected to implement the type of controversial family planning programs that have reduced population growth of other developing nations, a result of low political support for these programs and a cultural preference for large families as well as high levels of social instability. Rising educational levels and health care improvements may enable future parents to plan for smaller families.[19]

The former Nigeria's chairman of National Population Commission, Eze Duruiheoma, delivering Nigeria's statement in New York City on sustainable cities, human mobility and international migration in the 51st session of Commission on Population and Development, said that "Nigeria remains the most populous in Africa, the seventh globally with an estimated population of over 198 million. The World Population Prospects predicts that by 2050, Nigeria will become the third most populated country in the world. Over the last 50 years, Nigeria's urban population has grown at an average annual growth rate of more than 6.5% without commensurate increases in social amenities and infrastructure." He also stated that the population "grew substantially from 17.3% in 1967 to 49.4% in 2017."[26]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 37,380,010 41.7 55.3 3.0
1955 40,935,634 41.6 55.6 2.8
1960 45,053,782 41.6 55.6 2.8
1965 50,086,763 41.9 55.2 2.9
1970 55,893,837 42.6 54.6 2.8
1975 63,410,815 43.4 53.8 2.8
1980 73,764,641 44.0 53.2 2.8
1985 84,897,972 45.0 52.2 2.8
1990 97,120,925 44.9 52.3 2.9
1995 110,819,428 44.1 53.0 2.9
2000 126,382,494 43.5 53.7 2.8
2005 145,017,253 43.6 53.7 2.7
2010 166,642,885 44.0 53.2 2.7
Population pyramid of Nigeria in 1963 (Hausa)
Population pyramid of Nigeria in 1963 (Hausa)

Population by sex and age

[edit]

Population by sex and age group (Census 21.III.2006)[27]

Age Population Percent
Total 140,431,790 100
0–4 22,594,967 16.09
5–9 20,005,380 14.25
10–14 16,135,950 11.49
15–19 14,899,419 10.61
20–24 13,435,079 9.57
25–29 12,211,426 8.70
30–34 9,467,538 6.74
35–39 7,331,755 5.22
40–44 6,456,470 4.60
45–49 4,591,293 3.27
50–54 4,249,219 3.03
55–59 2,066,247 1.47
60–64 2,450,286 1.74
65–69 1,151,048 0.82
70–74 1,264,937 0.95
75–79 579,838 0.41
80–84 760,053 0.54
85+ 715,225 0.51
Age group Total Male Female %
0–14 58,736,297 30,462,148 28,274,149 41.83
15–64 77,158,732 38,348,799 38,809,933 54.94
65+ 4,536,761 2,534,541 2,002,220 3.23

Population by age group (estimates 1.VII.2016) (Data are projections based on the 2006 Population Census.)[28]

Age Population Percent
Total 193,392,517 100
0–4 31,116,156 16.09
5–9 27,549,964 14.25
10–14 22,221,265 11.49
15–19 20,518,404 10.61
20–24 18,501,820 9.57
25–29 16,816,694 8.70
30–34 13,038,009 6.74
35–39 10,096,763 5.22
40–44 8,891,384 4.60
45–49 6,322,797 3.27
50–54 5,851,717 3.03
55–59 2,845,486 1.47
60–64 3,374,357 1.74
65–69 1,585,140 0.82
70–74 1,832,402 0.95
75–79 798,511 0.41
80–84 1,046,690 0.54
85+ 984,956 0.51
0–14 80,887,385 41.83
15–64 107,242,389 55.45
65+ 5,262,743 2.72

Population by age group (estimates 1.VII.2020) (Source: National Population Commission.)[29]

Age Population Percent
Total 206,283,338 100
0–4 32,819,289 15.91
5–9 29,231,173 14.17
10–14 25,970,650 12.59
15–19 20,342,647 9.86
20–24 17,871,826 8.66
25–29 14,992,764 7.27
30–34 13,402,007 6.50
35–39 12,505,764 6.06
40–44 10,427,144 5.05
45–49 7,963,484 3.86
50–54 6,383,640 3.09
55–59 5,002,819 2.43
60–64 3,696,336 1.79
65–69 2,447,988 1.19
70–74 1,591,000 0.77
75–79 915,154 0.44
80+ 719,653 0.35
0–14 88,021,112 42.67
15–64 112,588,431 54.58
65+ 5,673,795 2.75

Population projections

[edit]

The total population in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase to almost one billion people, making it the most populated region outside of South-Central Asia.[30] According to the United Nations, the population of Nigeria will reach 375 million by 2050. Nigeria might then be the 3rd most populous country in the world. In 2100, the population of Nigeria may reach 541 million.[31] While the overall population is expected to increase, the growth rate is estimated to decrease from 1.2 per cent per year in 2010 to 0.4 per cent per year in 2050.[30] The birth rate is also projected to decrease from 20.7 to 13.7, while the death rate is projected to increase from 8.5 in 2010 to 9.8 in 2050.[30] By 2050, 69.6% of the population is estimated to be living in urban areas compared to 50.6% in 2010.[30]

Vital statistics

[edit]
Demographics development according to the United Nations

Registration of vital events in Nigeria is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates (UN World Population Prospects 2022).[32]

Period Population per year Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950 36 836 000 1,697,000 1,010,000 687,000 45.6 27.1 18.5 6.42 184.0
1951 37 543 000 1,731,000 1,028,000 702,000 45.7 27.1 18.5 6.42 183.2
1952 38 263 000 1,760,000 1,044,000 716,000 45.6 27.0 18.5 6.39 181.6
1953 38 986 000 1,797,000 1,056,000 741,000 45.7 26.8 18.8 6.40 180.4
1954 39 710 000 1,831,000 1,074,000 757 000 45.7 26.8 18.9 6.40 179.0
1955 40 455 000 1,869,000 1,088,000 781,000 45.7 26.6 19.1 6.40 177.9
1956 41 223 000 1,909,000 1,109,000 800,000 45.8 26.6 19.2 6.41 176.9
1957 42 010 000 1,948,000 1,124,000 824,000 45.9 26.5 19.4 6.40 176.0
1958 42 817 000 1,988,000 1,145,000 843,000 46.0 26.5 19.5 6.39 175.1
1959 43 613 000 2,026,000 1,159,000 866,000 46.0 26.3 19.7 6.38 173.8
1960 44 476 000 2,072,000 1,179,000 893,000 46.1 26.2 19.9 6.36 172.4
1961 45 381 000 2,120,000 1,192,000 928,000 46.2 26.0 20.2 6.35 171.0
1962 46 330 000 2,174,000 1,214,000 960,000 46.4 25.9 20.5 6.36 169.6
1963 47 314 000 2,220,000 1,224,000 996,000 46.4 25.6 20.8 6.35 167.2
1964 48 332 000 2,270,000 1,242,000 1,028,000 46.5 25.4 21.0 6.36 165.9
1965 49 381 000 2,320,000 1,258,000 1,061,000 46.5 25.2 21.3 6.37 165.0
1966 50 471 000 2,373,000 1,281,000 1,092,000 46.5 25.1 21.4 6.39 164.2
1967 51 570 000 2,424,000 1,365,000 1,059,000 46.5 26.2 20.3 6.40 165.8
1968 52 643 000 2,478,000 1,349,000 1,129,000 46.6 25.4 21.2 6.42 163.6
1969 53 577 000 2,533,000 1,367,000 1,166,000 46.6 25.2 21.4 6.44 162.6
1970 54 945 000 2,595,000 1,353,000 1,241,000 46.7 24.3 22.3 6.47 160.7
1971 56 194 000 2,671,000 1,348,000 1,323,000 47.0 23.7 23.3 6.53 156.9
1972 57 481 000 2,741,000 1,343,000 1,398,000 47.1 23.1 24.0 6.58 153.0
1973 58 866 000 2,819,000 1,341,000 1,479,000 47.3 22.5 24.8 6.63 149.0
1974 60 344 000 2,922,000 1,340,000 1,583,000 47.8 21.9 25.9 6.70 144.9
1975 61 971 000 3,021,000 1,336,000 1,684,000 48.1 21.3 26.8 6.77 141.0
1976 63 731 000 3,106,000 1,324,000 1,781,000 48.1 20.5 27.6 6.81 137.2
1977 65 585 000 3,203,000 1,323,000 1,880,000 48.1 19.9 28.2 6.86 133.8
1978 67 594 000 3,308,000 1,340,000 1,968,000 48.2 19.5 28.7 6.92 130.7
1979 69 673 000 3,385,000 1,367,000 2,017,000 47.9 19.3 28.5 6.89 128.1
1980 71 828 000 3,460,000 1,397,000 2,063,000 47.5 19.2 28.3 6.85 126.1
1981 74 075 000 3,537,000 1,426,000 2,111,000 47.1 19.0 28.1 6.82 124.4
1982 76 276 000 3,613,000 1,462,000 2,151,000 46.7 18.9 27.8 6.80 123.5
1983 78 500 000 3,704,000 1,494,000 2,210,000 46.5 18.8 27.8 6.78 123.1
1984 80 203 000 3,726,000 1,524,000 2,202,000 45.8 18.7 27.1 6.70 123.2
1985 82 472 000 3,777,000 1,571,000 2,206,000 45.2 18.8 26.4 6.62 123.5
1986 84 698 000 3,824,000 1,624,000 2,200,000 44.6 18.9 25.6 6.56 123.9
1987 86 910 000 3,884,000 1,656,000 2,228,000 44.1 18.8 25.3 6.50 124.3
1988 89 178 000 3,963,000 1,689,000 2,274,000 43.9 18.7 25.2 6.50 124.6
1989 91 525 000 4,080,000 1,723,000 2,357,000 44.0 18.6 25.4 6.49 124.6
1990 93 963 000 4,168,000 1,773,000 2,395,000 43.8 18.6 25.2 6.46 124.5
1991 96 465 000 4,266,000 1,839,000 2,428,000 43.7 18.8 24.9 6.43 124.4
1992 98 906 000 4,373,000 1,884,000 2,489,000 43.7 18.8 24.9 6.39 123.9
1993 101 458 000 4,495,000 1,922,000 2,573,000 43.7 18.7 25.0 6.35 123.4
1994 104 092 000 4,619,000 1,989,000 2,629,000 43.8 18.9 24.9 6.32 122.6
1995 106 820 000 4,732,000 2,040,000 2,692,000 43.7 18.9 24.9 6.27 121.6
1996 109 555 000 4,828,000 2,081,000 2,747,000 43.5 18.8 24.8 6.22 120.3
1997 112 357 000 4,910,000 2,108,000 2,801,000 43.2 18.5 24.6 6.14 118.4
1998 115 225 000 5,002,000 2,134,000 2,868,000 42.9 18.3 24.6 6.07 116.2
1999 118 156 000 5,177,000 2,138,000 3,039,000 43.2 17.9 25.4 6.08 113.7
2000 121 235 000 5,345,000 2,146,000 3,199,000 43.5 17.5 26.0 6.12 110.9
2001 124 468 000 5,496,000 2,165,000 3,331,000 43.6 17.2 26.4 6.14 108.1
2002 127 837 000 5,645,000 2,192,000 3,453,000 43.6 16.9 26.6 6.14 105.2
2003 131 329 000 5,779,000 2,202,000 3,577,000 43.4 16.5 26.9 6.12 102.3
2004 134 910 000 5,902,000 2,225,000 3,676,000 43.2 16.3 26.9 6.09 99.5
2005 138,603,000 6,054,000 2,232,000 3,822,000 43.1 15.9 27.2 6.07 96.6
2006 142,378,000 6,191,000 2,247,000 3,945,000 42.9 15.6 27.3 6.08 94.0
2007 146,281,000 6,337,000 2,273,000 4,064,000 42.7 15.3 27.4 6.08 91.7
2008 150,307,000 6,506,000 2,311,000 4,195,000 42.7 15.2 27.5 6.08 89.6
2009 154,458,000 6,645,000 2,321,000 4,323,000 42.4 14.8 27.6 6.04 87.8
2010 158,733,000 6,776,000 2,355,000 4,421,000 42.1 14.6 27.5 5.98 86.4
2011 163,173,000 6,916,000 2,372,000 4,544,000 41.8 14.3 27.5 5.92 85.1
2012 167,755,000 7,014,000 2,414,000 4,600,000 41.2 14.2 27.0 5.83 84.0
2013 172,397,000 7,095,000 2,447,000 4,648,000 40.6 14.0 26.6 5.74 83.1
2014 177,055,000 7,189,000 2,493,000 4,697,000 40.1 13.9 26.2 5.66 82.4
2015 181,703,000 7,273,000 2,541,000 4,732,000 39.5 13.8 25.7 5.62 81.6
2016 186,289,000 7,384,000 2,574,000 4,810,000 39.1 13.6 25.5 5.58 80.6
2017 191,045,000 7,487,000 2,600,000 4,887,000 38.7 13.4 25.3 5.52 79.4
2018 195,947,000 7,590,000 2,627,000 4,963,000 38.2 13.2 25.0 5.45 77.9
2019 200,828,000 7,698,000 2,642,000 5,056,000 37.8 13.0 24.9 5.38 76.3
2020 205,781,000 7,806,000 2,708,000 5,098,000 37.5 13.0 24.5 5.31 74.7
2021 218,529,000 7,331,000 2,689,000 4,556,000 33.5 12.3 20.9 4.64 73.0
2022 223,151,000 7,407,000 2,667,000 4,688,000 33.2 12.0 21.0 4.55 71.2
2023 227,883,000 7,510,000 2,675,000 4,776,000 33.0 11.7 21.0 4.48 69.5
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR) (Wanted TFR) and crude birth rate (CBR):[33][34] [35] [36][37]

Year Total Urban Rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1960 47 6.35
1965–66 45.9 6.44
1967–69 46.1 6.42
1970 46.3 6.47
1971–73 46.7 6.57
1975 47.2 6.71
1978–82 47 6.78
1978–80 47 6.76
1981–82 46.68 6.78
1983–86 45.67 6.7
1987–90 45.9 6.57
1990 44.2 6.49 (5.8) 34 5.033 (4.8) 40 6.326 (6.1)
1999 43.2 6.13 35.6 4.50 38.5 5.44
2003 42.8 6.04 (5.3) 36.3 4.9 (4.6) 44.5 6.1 (5.7)
2004–07 42.4 5.97
2008 41.8 5.9 (5.3) 36.8 4.7 (4.4) 42.5 6.3 (5.8)
2013 40.2 5.5 (4.8) 35 4.7 (4.1) 42 6.2 (5.3)
2014–15 39.5 5.57
2018[38] 38 5.3 (4.8) 34 4.5 (4.0) 42 5.9 (5.4)
2021[39] 4.8
2023-24[40] 33 4.8 29 3.9 38 5.6
Year TFR
1981–1982 6.8
1990 6.4
2003 6.0
2008 5.9
2013 5.7
2018 5.3
2021 4.8
2023-24 4.8
Variable TFR (Wanted TFR) (2003) TFR (Wanted TFR) (2008) TFR (Wanted TFR) (2013) TFR (Wanted TFR) (2018) TFR (Wanted TFR) (2023-24)
Nigeria 5.7 (5.3) 5.7 (5.3) 5.5 (4.8) 5.3 (4.8) 4.8
Urban 4.9 (4.6) 4.7 (4.4) 4.7 (4.1) 4.5 (4.0) 3.9
Rural 6.1 (5.7) 6.3 (5.8) 6.2 (5.3) 5.9 (5.4) 5.6
Region – North Central 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.0 (4.7) 4.2
Region – North East 7.0 7.2 6.3 6.1 (5.6) 6.1
Region – North West 6.7 7.3 6.7 6.6 (5.9) 5.9
Region – South East 4.1 4.8 4.7 4.7 (4.3) 4.1
Region – South South 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.0 (3.6) 3.3
Region – South West 4.1 4.5 4.6 3.9 (3.5) 3.4

Fertility data as of 2013 (DHS Program):[41]

State Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
Abuja 3.8 8.3 4.7
Benue 5.2 13.0 6.8
Kogi 4.2 9.4 5.7
Kwara 5.1 7.2 5.2
Nasarawa 5.4 10.8 5.8
Niger 6.1 14.8 5.8
Plateau 5.4 11.2 5.6
Adamawa 5.8 15.6 6.7
Bauchi 8.1 16.9 8.4
Borno 4.7 12.7 5.2
Gombe 7.0 14.3 7.9
Taraba 6.0 10.6 7.1
Yobe 6.6 13.4 7.4
Jigawa 7.6 15.1 7.6
Kaduna 4.1 21.0 5.7
Kano 6.8 12.6 7.7
Katsina 7.4 17.3 8.4
Kebbi 6.7 16.9 8.2
Sokoto 7.0 14.1 7.3
Zamfara 8.4 17.0 8.7
Abia 4.2 7.3 5.0
Anambra 4.2 6.0 4.7
Ebonyi 5.3 9.1 7.1
Enugu 4.8 8.4 5.9
Imo 4.8 8.3 5.0
Akwa Ibom 3.9 5.3 5.4
Bayelsa 4.5 11.3 6.1
Cross River 5.4 9.1 5.5
Delta 4.1 10.6 5.6
Edo 4.4 6.3 5.7
Rivers 3.8 9.5 4.9
Ekiti 4.3 7.0 5.2
Lagos 4.1 7.2 4.3
Ogun 5.4 10.6 4.9
Ondo 5.2 9.1 5.2
Osun 4.1 6.8 4.3
Oyo 4.5 11.9 5.1

Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)[42]

Fertility rate by state

[edit]
Variable TFR
2008 2011* 2013 2016* 2018 2021* 2024
Nigeria 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.3 4.6 4.8
Urban 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.9
Rural 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.6
Region – North Central 5.4 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.1 4.2
Abuja (FCT) 4.0 3.8 4.5 4.6 4.3 3.2 3.2
Benue 5.9 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.5 4.3 3.5
Kogi 4.2 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.8 3.3 4.9
Kwara 4.5 5.1 5.1 4.4 5.2 3.7 4.0
Nasarawa 4.7 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.3 4.5 4.3
Niger 7.5 6.1 6.1 6.4 5.8 4.6 4.4
Plateau 5.3 4.5 5.4 5.6 4.7 4.4 4.4
Region – North East 7.2 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.1 5.6 6.1
Adamawa 6.8 5.6 5.8 5.5 6.1 4.2 5.3
Bauchi 8.1 8.6 8.1 6.8 7.2 6.5 6.2
Borno 7.1 6.7 4.7 6.1 5.2 5.9 6.5
Gombe 7.4 5.6 7.0 7.3 6.6 5.3 5.5
Taraba 5.9 5.3 6.0 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.2
Yobe 7.5 7.9 6.6 6.8 5.9 6.1 7.5
Region – North West 7.3 7.2 6.7 7.3 6.6 6.3 5.9
Jigawa 7.1 6.7 7.6 8.5 7.1 7.6 6.9
Kaduna 6.3 7.9 4.1 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.6
Kano 8.1 7.5 6.8 7.7 6.5 6.4 5.8
Katsina 7.2 8.2 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.4 5.7
Kebbi 6.0 7.0 6.7 7.7 6.5 6.6 6.6
Sokoto 8.7 5.2 7.0 7.3 7.0 5.2 5.4
Zamfara 7.5 6.5 8.4 7.3 6.4 5.3 6.3
Region – South East 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.7 3.5 4.1
Abia 4.4 5.2 4.2 5.1 4.9 4.1 3.7
Anambra 5.0 5.7 4.2 4.3 4.7 3.0 3.7
Ebonyi 5.6 6.1 5.3 5.2 5.4 3.7 4.7
Enugu 4.4 4.3 4.8 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.5
Imo 4.8 4.6 4.8 5.1 4.5 3.6 4.4
Region – South South 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.3
Akwa Ibom 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.3
Bayelsa 5.8 6.7 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.2 3.8
Cross River 5.4 5.8 5.4 4.4 3.7 3.1 3.0
Delta 4.5 5.3 4.1 5.2 4.4 4.0 3.7
Edo 5.3 5.3 4.4 3.8 4.8 3.2 3.3
Rivers 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.3 3.9 3.1 2.9
Region – South West 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.4
Ekiti 5.0 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.6 3.9 3.8
Lagos 4.0 4.7 4.1 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.2
Ogun 5.4 5.6 5.4 4.5 3.8 4.8 4.1
Ondo 4.9 3.9 5.2 4.5 4.1 3.6 3.1
Osun 4.0 4.9 4.1 4.7 3.8 3.5 3.3
Oyo 5.0 6.4 4.5 4.9 4.5 3.7 3.3
2008 2011* 2013 2016* 2018 2021* 2024

∗ MICS surveys

Contraceptive prevalence

[edit]
Year 1982 1990 1994 1999 2003 2007 2008 2011 2012 2013 2016 2017
% of women ages 15–49 6.8% 6.0% 13.4% 15.3% 12.6% 14.7% 14.6% 14.1% 13.5% 15.1% 20.4% 13.4%

∗ UNICEFs state of the worlds children and child info, United Nations population divisions world contraceptive use, household surveys including demographic and health surveys and multiple indicator cluster surveys.[43]

Life expectancy at birth

[edit]

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects):[44]

Life expectancy in Nigeria since 1950
Life expectancy in Nigeria since 1960 by gender
Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 33.81
1955–1960 Increase 35.80
1960–1965 Increase 38.13
1965–1970 Increase 39.97
1970–1975 Increase 42.03
1975–1980 Increase 44.29
1980–1985 Increase 46.02
1985–1990 Decrease 45.95
1990–1995 Decrease 45.87
1995–2000 Increase 46.00
2000–2005 Increase 46.94
2005–2010 Increase 49.75
2010–2015 Increase 51.88
2022[45] Increase 53.63

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Ethnic groups of Nigeria (2018 est.)[46]
Ethnic groups percent
Hausa
 
 25.0%
Yoruba
 
 21.0%
Igbo
 
 18.0%
Fulani
 
 6.0%
Ibibio
 
 3.5%
Tiv
 
 2.4%
Kanuri
 
 2.4%
Ijaw
 
 1.8%
Other
 
 19.9%

Emigration

[edit]
Further information: Emigration from Africa
Further information: Nigerian British, Nigerian American, Nigerian Canadians, Nigerian Australian, Nigerians in the Netherlands, Nigerians in Switzerland, Nigerians in Ireland, and Nigerians in Vietnam

Today millions of ethnic Nigerians live abroad, the largest communities can be found in the United Kingdom (500,000–3,000,000)[47] and the United States (600,000–1,000,000 Nigerians), other countries that followed closely are South Africa, Gambia, and Canada respectively. There are also large groups in Ireland, Portugal and many other countries.[48] Inspiration for emigration is based heavily on socio-economical issues such as warfare, insecurity, economical instability and civil unrest.

Between 1400 and 1900, of 1.4 million of 2 million emigrants were slaves sent to the Americas with the other 600,000 being sent to other destinations via the trans-Saharan, Red Sea and Indian Ocean routes. This is due to the fact that the land now known as Nigeria was a central point for 4 slave trades during the 19th century. Though bondage represented a great deal, an estimated 30,000 Nigerian inhabitants would relocate to Kano City and Gambia to take advantage of financial opportunities afforded by fertile land and available natural resources. What's more, the presence of gold mines and rail lines along the Gold Coast, present-day Ghana, attracted an estimated 6,500 Nigerian citizens to attain financial gain and opportunity. The population of Nigerians in Ghana rose to roughly 149,000 before the 1969 alien expulsion order would displace nearly the entire population to surrounding countries.[49]

Religion

[edit]
Main article: Religion in Nigeria
50% Muslim, 48.2% Christian, 1.8% other[50]

Nigeria is nearly equally divided between Islam and Christianity. The majority of Nigerian Muslims are Sunni and mostly live in the northern, central and south-western states of the country, while Christians dominate in some central states (especially Plateau and Benue states), and the south-east and south-south regions. Other religions practised in Nigeria include African Traditional Religion, Hinduism, Baháʼí Faith, Judaism, The Grail Movement, and the Reformed Ògbóni Fraternity, one of the traditional socio-religious institutions of the Yorùbá people and their Òrìṣà religion known as Ẹ̀sìn Òrìṣà Ìbílẹ̀ in the Yorùbá language.[51]

According to a 2009 Pew survey, 50.4% of Nigeria's population were Muslims.[52] A later Pew study in 2011 calculated that Christians now formed 50.8% of the population.[53][54] Adherents of other religions made up 1% of the population.[55]

The shift of population balance between Muslims and Christians is a result of northern and southern Nigeria being in different stages of demographic transition. The Muslim-dominated north is in an earlier stage of the demographic transition with much higher fertility rates than the south, whose split Christian/Muslim population is further along in the transition, and whose fertility rates are declining. Decreasing fertility can be linked to more access to education, use of contraceptives, and differing beliefs regarding family planning.[56]

The 1999 introduction of Sharia law in twelve northern Nigerian states led to massive violence and unrest and caused an ethnic and religious rift between Sharia and Non-Sharia states, a divide that has deepened with time.[56]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ compare to Nigeria's overall growth rate 2.53%

See also

[edit]

References

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Further reading

[edit]
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