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Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian.

Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century. For the next 600 years the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers including the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia.

The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century but was partitioned between Russia and Poland before being absorbed by the Russian Empire in the late 19th century. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. During World War II, Ukraine was occupied by Germany and endured major battles and atrocities, resulting in 7 million civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996 as the country transitioned to a free market liberal democracy amid endemic corruption and a legacy of state control. The Orange Revolution of 2004–2005 ushered electoral and constitutional reforms. Resurgent political crises prompted a series of mass demonstrations in 2014 known as the Euromaidan, leading to a revolution, at the end of which Russia unilaterally occupied and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in Donbas with Russian-backed separatists and Russia. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (Full article...)

In the news

18 March 2025 – Russo-Ukrainian War
Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russia's Ministry of Defense claims that the Ukrainian Armed Forces attempted to launch an offensive on Belgorod Oblast with five assaults before being stopped by Russian forces, characterizing the alleged attacks as an attempt to discredit U.S. President Donald Trump's peace negotiations. (The Kyiv Independent)
18 March 2025 – Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin agree to an immediate energy infrastructure ceasefire in Ukraine during a phone call, with additional negotiations to begin immediately on a permanent settlement of the conflict. Putin stated that the end of all foreign military and intelligence support to Ukraine would be one condition of such a settlement. (ABC News)
17 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
A drone strike in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, injures one person and causes a fire at an energy facility, according to Astrakhan Oblast governor Igor Babushkin. (Reuters)
14 March 2025 – Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
U.S. President Donald Trump publicly asks Russian President Vladimir Putin to spare the lives of "thousands of Ukrainian soldiers" said to be surrounded in Kursk Oblast. (ABC News)
13 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia–United States relations
Russian President Vladimir Putin says that the U.S. proposal for the ceasefire in Ukraine would depend on Russia's conditions being met, and that there will be further discussions. (Euronews) (Politico)
12 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Kursk offensive
Russian troops, backed by close air support, enter the town of Sudzha in Kursk Oblast, ending seven months of Ukrainian occupation. (MSN) (Reuters)
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Mariupol is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius River. Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was the tenth-largest city in the country and the second-largest city in Donetsk Oblast, with an estimated population of 425,681 people in January 2022; as of August 2023, Ukrainian authorities estimate the population of Mariupol at approximately 120,000. Mariupol has been occupied by Russian forces since May 2022.

Historically, the city of Mariupol was a centre for trade and manufacturing, and played a key role in the development of higher education and many businesses and also served as a coastal resort on the Sea of Azov. In 1948, Mariupol was renamed Zhdanov (Russian: Жданов) after Andrei Zhdanov, a native of the city who had become a high-ranking official of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and a close ally to Joseph Stalin. The name was part of a larger effort to rename cities after high-ranking political figures in the Soviet Union. The historic name was restored in 1989. (Full article...)

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In the news

18 March 2025 – Russo-Ukrainian War
Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russia's Ministry of Defense claims that the Ukrainian Armed Forces attempted to launch an offensive on Belgorod Oblast with five assaults before being stopped by Russian forces, characterizing the alleged attacks as an attempt to discredit U.S. President Donald Trump's peace negotiations. (The Kyiv Independent)
18 March 2025 – Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin agree to an immediate energy infrastructure ceasefire in Ukraine during a phone call, with additional negotiations to begin immediately on a permanent settlement of the conflict. Putin stated that the end of all foreign military and intelligence support to Ukraine would be one condition of such a settlement. (ABC News)
17 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
A drone strike in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, injures one person and causes a fire at an energy facility, according to Astrakhan Oblast governor Igor Babushkin. (Reuters)
14 March 2025 – Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
U.S. President Donald Trump publicly asks Russian President Vladimir Putin to spare the lives of "thousands of Ukrainian soldiers" said to be surrounded in Kursk Oblast. (ABC News)
13 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia–United States relations
Russian President Vladimir Putin says that the U.S. proposal for the ceasefire in Ukraine would depend on Russia's conditions being met, and that there will be further discussions. (Euronews) (Politico)
12 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Kursk offensive
Russian troops, backed by close air support, enter the town of Sudzha in Kursk Oblast, ending seven months of Ukrainian occupation. (MSN) (Reuters)

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