Gaudeamus igitur

"De Brevitate Vitae" redirects here. For the work by Seneca the Younger, see De Brevitate Vitae (Seneca).

"Gaudeamus" redirects here. For other uses, see Gaudeamus (festival), Gaudeamus Foundation, Gaudeamus (novel), and Gaudeamus (rodent).

Gaudeamus igitur

English: So Let Us Rejoice
Postcard with symbols of traditional German student life from 1898
Official anthem of FISU World University Games and the International University Sports Federation
Lyrics	Unknown, 1287
Music	Unknown, 1782
Adopted	1959

"De Brevitate Vitae" (Latin for "On the Shortness of Life"), more commonly known as "Gaudeamus igitur" ("So Let Us Rejoice") or just "Gaudeamus", is a popular academic commercium song in many European countries, mainly sung or performed at university graduation ceremonies. Despite its use as a formal graduation hymn, it is a jocular, light-hearted composition that pokes fun at university life. The song is thought to originate in a Latin manuscript from 1287. It is in the tradition of carpe diem ("seize the day") with its exhortations to enjoy life. It was known as a beer-drinking song in many early universities and is the official song of many schools, colleges, universities, institutions, student societies and is the official anthem of the International University Sports Federation.

Content

The lyrics reflect an endorsement of the bacchanalian mayhem of student life while simultaneously retaining the grim knowledge that one day we will all die. The song contains humorous and ironic references to sex and death, and many versions have appeared following efforts to bowdlerise this song for performance in public ceremonies. In private, students will typically sing ribald words.

The song is sometimes known by its opening words, "Gaudeamus igitur" or simply "Gaudeamus". In the UK, it is sometimes affectionately known as "The Gaudie". The centuries of use have given rise to numerous slightly different versions.

Lyrics

The proposition that the lyrics originate in 1287 is based on a manuscript held in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. A poem starting with the words Subscribere proposui ("I have suggested signing (it)") has two verses that closely resemble the later Gaudeamus igitur verses, although neither the first verse nor the actual words Gaudeamus igitur appear. The music accompanying this poem bears no relation to the melody which is now associated with it. A German translation of these verses was made in about 1717 and published in 1730 without music. A Latin version in a handwritten student songbook, dating from some time between 1723 and 1750, is preserved in the Berlin State Library (formerly located at Marburg); however, this differs considerably from the modern text. The current Latin lyrics with a German translation were published by Halle in 1781 in Studentenlieder ("Students' Songs") written by Christian Wilhelm Kindleben (1748-1785), who admitted to making important changes to the text.

Below is Kindleben's 1781 Latin version, with two translations to English (one anonymous, and another by Tr. J. Mark Sugars, 1997). The New-Latin word Antiburschius refers to opponents of the 19th-century politically active German student fraternities.

When sung, the first two lines and the last line of each stanza are repeated; for instance:

Gaudeamus igitur,
Iuvenes dum sumus,
Gaudeamus igitur,
Iuvenes dum sumus!
Post iucundam iuventutem,
Post molestam senectutem,
Nos habebit humus,
Nos habebit humus.

Latin	English	English (Mark Sugars, 1997)
Gaudeamus igitur, Iuvenes dum sumus! Post iucundam iuventutem Post molestam senectutem Nos habebit humus.	So, let us rejoice While we are young. After a pleasant youth After a troublesome old age The earth will have us.	While we're young, let us rejoice, Singing out in gleeful tones; After youth's delightful frolic, And old age (so melancholic!), Earth will cover our bones.
Ubi sunt, qui ante nos In mundo fuere, Vadite ad superos, Transite ad inferos, Ubi iam fuere.	Where are they who, before us, Were in the world? Go to the heavens Cross over into hell Where they went through already.	Where are those who trod this globe In the years before us? They in hellish fires below, Or in Heaven's kindly glow, Swell th' eternal chorus.
Vita nostra brevis est, Brevi finietur, Venit mors velociter, Rapit nos atrociter, Nemini parcetur.	Our life is brief Soon it will end. Death comes quickly Snatches us cruelly To nobody shall it be spared.	Life is short and all too soon We emit our final gasp; Death ere long is on our back; Terrible is his attack; None escapes his dread grasp.
Vivat Academia, Vivant professores, Vivat membrum quodlibet, Vivant membra quaelibet, Semper sint in flore!	Long live the academy! Long live the professors! Long live each student; Long live the whole fraternity; For ever may they flourish!	Long live our academy, Teachers whom we cherish; Long live all the graduates, And the undergraduates; Ever may they flourish.
Vivant omnes virgines Faciles, formosae Vivant et mulieres Tenerae, amabiles Bonae, laboriosae.	Long live all virgins, Easy [and] beautiful! Long live [mature] women too, Tender [and] lovable, Good [and] hard-working.	Long live all the maidens fair, Easy-going, pretty; Long live all good ladies who Are tender and so friendly to Students in this city.
Vivat et respublica, Et qui illam regit, Vivat nostra civitas, Maecenatum caritas, Quae nos hic protegit.	Long live the state as well And he who rules it! Long live our city [And] the charity of benefactors Which protects us here!	Long live our Republic and The gentlefolk who lead us; May the ones who hold the purse Be always ready to disburse Funds required to feed us.
Pereat tristitia, Pereant osores, Pereat diabolus, Quivis Antiburschius, Atque irrisores.	May sadness perish! May haters perish! May the devil perish! And also the opponents of the fraternities And their mockers, too!	Down with sadness, down with gloom, Down with all who hate us; Down with those who criticize, Look with envy in their eyes, Scoff, mock and berate us.

Music

The first appearance in print of the present melody was in Lieder für Freunde der Geselligen Freude ("Songs for Friends of Convivial Joy"), published in Leipzig in 1782, together with Kindleben's German lyrics; however, the tune was evidently well known before this date. The first publication of the present Latin text together with the present melody was probably in Ignaz Walter's 1797 operatic setting of Doktor Faust. It is also heard in Berlioz' Damnation of Faust.

Johannes Brahms quoted the melody in the final section of his Academic Festival Overture, in a fortissimo rendition performed by the full orchestra.

Sigmund Romberg used it in the operetta The Student Prince, which is set at the University of Heidelberg.

It is quoted in Johann Strauss II's "Studenten-Polka" (Française, Op.263), first performed at the students' ball at the Redoutensaal on 24 February 1862.

The tune is quoted, along with other student songs, in the overture of Franz von Suppé's 1863 operetta Flotte Burschen, the action being once again set at the University of Heidelberg.

Based on the original melody, Franz Liszt composed the Gaudeamus igitur—Paraphrase and later (1870) the Gaudeamus igitur—Humoreske. Pyotr Tchaikovsky made an arrangement for male chorus with piano accompaniment (1874) (TH 187 ; ČW 413).

Tom Lehrer mentioned the Gaudeamus in his satirical song, "Bright College Days":

Turn on the spigot
Pour the beer and swig it
And gaudeamus igit-itur

In 1979, New England Science Fiction Association member Joe Ross wrote a parody of the song, with lyrics referencing the 1955 film This Island Earth. The parody was titled "Haec Insula Terra" (a Latin translation of the film's title) and was published in the first volume of the NESFA Hymnal. Warwick Academy in Bermuda uses part of the lyrics as their school song.

See also

• Ars longa, vita brevis
• Gaudy
• Ubi sunt

External links

• Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Gustav Schwetschke: Gaudeamus igitur. Eine Studie von Hoffmann von Fallersleben. Nebst einem Sendschreiben und Carmen an Denselben von Gustav Schwetschke. Halle, 1872.

Other (often non-original but altered) text variants:

• Johann Christian Christoph Rüdiger (editor, published as only "R-d-r"): Auswahl guter Trinklieder, oder Töne der Freude und des Weins, beym freundschaftlichen Mahle anzustimmen. Aus den besten Dichtern gesammlet. – Trink- oder Commersch-Lieder, beym freundschaftlichen Mahle zu singen, aus den besten Dichtern gesammlet. 2nd edition, Hendelscher Verlag, Halle 1795, p. 142–143.
• Neues deutsches allgemeines Commers- und Liederbuch. Germania, 1815, p. 20–21 and 180–183 (Das neue Gaudeamus).
• Leipziger Commersbuch. Bei Karl Tauchnitz, Leipzig, 1816, p. 106–108.
• Berlinisches Commersbuch. Bey Theodor Joh. Chr. Fr. Enslin, Berlin, 1817, p. 27–28 and 158–159 (Das neue Gaudeamus).
• Neues Commersbuch. Germania, 1818, p. 42–43.
• Neues teutsches allgemeines Commers- und Liederbuch. 3rd edition, Germania, 1820 (Tübingen in der Osiander'schen Buchhandlung), p. 25–26.
• Auswahl deutscher Volks- und Burschen-Lieder. Gedruckt und verlegt von der Deckerschen Geheimen Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin, 1821, p. 113–114.
• Urceus Lebensreise. – Meine Lebensreise. In sechs Stazionen zur Belehrung der Jugend und zur Unterhaltung des Alters beschrieben von Urceus. Nebst Franz Volkmar Reinhard's Briefen an den Verfasser. Leipzig, 1825, p. 179–180 containg Das neue Gaudeamus (The new Gaudeamus).
• Deutsche Studenten-Lieder des siebzehnten und achtzehnten Jahrhunderts. Nach alten Handschriften gesammelt und mit einleitenden Bemerkungen über die geschichte des deutschen Studentenliedes versehen von Dr. Robert Keil und Dr. Richard Keil. Verlag von M. Schauenburg & C., Lahr, p. 165–167 having „Gaudeamus igitur. (Jenenser Blatt vom Jahr 1776.)“.
• a medical travesty, by Kayser from Breslau:
  • Archivii italiani di laringologia periodico trimestrale. Anno X.   Ottobre 1890   Fasc. 4. Napoli, 1890, p. 180–181.
  • Internationales Centralblatt für Laryngologie, Rhinologie und verwandte Wissenschaften. Siebenter Jahrgang. (Juli 1890 bis Juni 1891.) Berlin, 1891, p. 132–133.
• Charles B. Randolph (1912). "Three Latin Students' Songs". The Classical Journal. 7 (7). JSTOR: 291–305. JSTOR 3287680. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
• "Gaudeamus igitur / Brüder laßt uns lustig sein / Riemuitkaamme, vielä on". Ingeb.org. Retrieved 2012-07-12.. Gaudeamus igitur, lyrics in Latin, English, German, Finnish and Esperanto, midi melody
• "Gaudeamus igitur". Dr. Christopher S. Morrissey, Trinity Western University. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
• "Gaudeamus Igitur - English Translation". Karl's Choral Music Webpage. Retrieved 2021-05-04.

Songs:

• De Brevitate Vitae performed by the Roosevelt Academy Choir
• Gaudeamus Igitur sung at Smith College convocation, 2008 Note the stomping and enthusiasm for the "Vivat academia!" and "Vivant professores" lines.
• Gaudeamus Igitur. Full Latin version. Sung by Basil Billow (audio)